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| Club Drug "Special K" |
January 30, 2012, NPR blog
Traditional
antidepressants like Prozac work on a group of chemical messengers in
the brain called the serotonin system.
Researchers once thought that a
lack of serotonin was the cause of depression, and that these drugs
worked simply by boosting serotonin levels.
Recent research suggests a
more complicated explanation. Serotonin drugs work by stimulating the
birth of new neurons, which eventually form new connections in the
brain.
Ketamine, in contrast, activates a different chemical system in
the brain – the glutamate system.
Researcher Ron Duman at Yale thinks
ketamine rapidly increases the communication among existing neurons by
creating new connections.
This is a quicker process than waiting for new
neurons to form and accomplishes the same goal of enhancing brain
circuit activity. Ketamine has been used for decades as an anesthetic.
It also has become a wildly popular but illegal club drug known as
"Special K."
Mental health researchers got interested in ketamine
because of reports that it could make depression vanish almost
instantly.
Carlos Zarate ... does ketamine research at the NIH.
Zarate says patients typically say, "'I feel that something's lifted or
feel that I've never been depressed in my life. I feel I can work. I
feel I can contribute to society.' And it was a different experience
from feeling high. This was feeling that something has been removed."
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